These forests are mainly found on the lower parts of a river or freshwater lakes in many different regions having a wide range of climate types. Immunological response to malaria in normals and subjects with sickle cell trait. RAINFALL IN THE SUDAN SAVANNA REGION OF NIGERIA RAINFALL IN THE SUDAN SAVANNA REGION OF NIGERIA Kowal, J. M.; Kassam, A. H. 1975-01-01 00:00:00 JOHNSON,A. Crop cultivation in this vegetation zone is nearly impossible due to the amount of rainfall recover yearly. The climate is tropical and strongly seasonal. Precipitation pe year here is 1000-1400 mm on the average. The level of infestation of cereal fields by S. hermonthica was in the order of Sudan savanna > Northern Guinea > Southern Guinea. Most large mammals are now very limited in range and numbers. However, as the ecoregion is vast, plant endemism per unit area is low. Legit.ng recently explored the main economic problems plaguing Nigeria. Here, short grass abounds but trees are much fewer than that of the Guinea Savannah. These are the Mangrove Swamp, Rainforest, Derived savanna, Guinea savanna, Sudan savanna and Sahel savanna zones. Characteristics of Sudan savanna It has short numerous grasses Presence of scattered and short deciduous trees Some trees have thorns while others have thick barks Plant species include acacia, date palm, silk cotton plants, baobab Covering the North-West and almost the entire North of Nigeria and the borders of Niger Republic is the Sudan Savannah. The Sahel belt of drier acacia savanna lies to the north, and beyond that is the Sahara Desert. Almost half of Nigerias territory is covered by this vegetation. It is confined within the tropics (Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn) & is best developed in Sudan, where dry & wet climate are most distinct, hence Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Much of the Sudan is a plateau between 1,000 and 1,500 feet (330 and 415 metres) above sea level, but there are many higher areas, sometimes exceeding 10,000 feet (3,050 metres), as in northern Ethiopia and in the west of Sudan (the country). the largest found in the rainforest is luxuriant. Still, further to the north, the forests are becoming sparser, and at last the expanses of the savanna open. Want to learn more about the fascinating species, diverse ecosystems, and natural wonders of the Earth? Nigeria is a country of forests and savannahs. Here is what we know, 2023 presidency: Peter Obi talks tough, insists on reclaiming mandate, "Roof-tearing and heartwarming": Talented children do tough break dance invented by Michael Jackson, "What am I seeing?" Dugje, I. Kamara, A. Mangroves are a type of forest vegetation usually seen before the Atlantic Ocean. Other common plants include the African myrrh, Acacia, and Ngibbi. In Nigeria, the observable or well-known geographical features include the Obudu Plateau, Adamawa highlands, Jos Plateau, Mambilla Plateau, the Niger Delta basin, the Niger River and River Benue. Examples of plants you will see in this vegetation are Ngibbi, Leptadenia, Acacia raddiana, and African myrrh etc. The term derives from the Arabic bild al-sdn (land of the black peoples) and has been in use from at least the 12th century. In this vegetation zone such plants as Ngibbi, Acacia raddiana, Leptadenia, and African myrrh are growing. Sudan, the vast tract of open savanna plains extending across Africa between the southern limits of the Sahara (desert) and the northern limits of the equatorial rain forests. Farms And Ranches For Sale Near To Bryan, Tx, Postprocedural Hyperparathyroidism Icd-10. The grasses present here are extremely short. Herds of sheep, cattle, and goats can be found here grazing on vast pastures. The annual rainfall in this zone is extremely poor, with the wet season lasting 3 to 4 months. [1] The East Sudanian savanna extends eastwards from the Mandara Mountains to the western lowlands of Ethiopia. This is because the rainy season does not last long. The juice of the wine palm is used to produce wine. Click the button below to launch One Earth's interactive navigator and discover your Bioregion! N/A means data is not available at this time. Effect of NPK rates and irrigation intervals on potato (Solanum tuberosum L) yield in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria 7 th Global Summit on Agriculture & Horticulture October 17-19, 2016 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. How to send and receive money through PayPal in Nigeria: is it available? The effectiveness of commercial foliar fertilizers in improving maize growth and yield was evaluated in three savanna agroecological zones of Nigeria in two steps. Ondo, Kwara, Osun, and Oyo states, some Southwestern states are the states where the Guinea savanna can be found in Nigeria. A freshwater swamp forest is defined as a forest that is inundated with freshwater as a permanent, irregular, or seasonal condition. In the Guinea and Sudan savannas of Nigeria, the length of the growing season depends on the first rain, which is highly variable 12. Terrestrial ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment. The Sahel savanna is known to have trees with relatively narrow leaves. About 200 years ago, it was possible to meet here herds of rhinoceroses, giraffes, elephants and many others, now their number has sharply decreased. Characteristics of. Sudan savanna vegetation zones of Nigeria This zone is covered with more grasses and short scattered trees and has an annual rainfall of 50 cm to 75 cm. The savanna is one region in Nigeria that is covered with grasses and surrounded by forests. The grass reaches a great height, in which not only a man, but also a large animal can hide. The Sudanian savanna is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Ethiopian Highlands in the east. The Guinea savanna is a type of savanna that consists of tall grasses. Savannahs are characterized by grasslands with little or no forest. 2013. So, the relationship that exists between vegetation and the climate conditions in different parts of the country is known as vegetation zones. It occupies most of the Niger Delta, between the lowland rainforests in the north and the mangrove swamps in Iguwhich. One of the defining characteristics of the Sahel Savanna in Nigeria is its low precipitation. This savanna is known for Its prolonged dry season that lasts up to seven months. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. About 68% of all fields sampled were infested, about 75% of compound fields and 60% of bush fields. Then in the mid dry season, there is a smoke screen over the savanna. To the south the forest-savanna mosaic forms a transition zone between the Sudanian savanna and the Guineo-Congolian forests that lie nearer the equator. The Sudan extends in some 5,000 km in a band several hundred kilometres wide across Africa. The level of infestation was 60% in southern Guinea, 68% in Sudan and 74% in northern Guinea savanna. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. From Arab historians something is known of some of the powerful states that were established by military rule, the largest and most enduring of which were associated in the western Sudan with the termini of the desert trade routes. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. "Please don't do this": Private sector begs Buhari as FG announces new taxes. In this blog post, we have discussed Nigerias major vegetation zone. Therefore, a study was conducted in the wet season of 2006 at the Dry Land Teaching and Research Farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to evaluate the effect of phosphorus on the growth and yield of two cowpea varieties sourced from Republic of Niger. There are many vegetation zones in Nigeria, but we will look at the major vegetation zones, as seen in many parts of the country. On the other side of Lake Chad, on the contrary, reeds and papyrus grow thickly. We have written on different types of vegetation in Nigeria and some common trees and other related plants and Animal you can find in this region. You can find guinea fowl, Snakes, deer, grasshoppers, and rats in the Guinea savanna. The trees are usually tall and in the middle layer of this vegetation the tree has branches and has an average height of 30m. A section of Taraba State is in this region. It is difficult to imagine the Sudanese savanna without baobabs. Some trees shed their leaves in the dry season. It supports a large number of migrant bird species such as the Grey Heron, white-necked stork, Green Fruit Pigeon, etc. Climatic change is a further threat, exacerbating the impacts of human activities, as the ability of the ecosystem to recover from overuse is reduced when there is little rainfall. This vegetation zone can be seen in the Niger-Benue stretch system of South-West Nigeria. The area is generally covered by grasses but the slopes are covered by forests. White, F. 1983. UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY Amusa, T.O., Bada, S.O. The Guinea savanna in Nigeria is known to be home to farmers of rice. A field survey was conducted to ascertain the extent of infestation by Striga spp. Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria, Peter Obi Meets Tinubu? The states of Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Zamfara, Sokoto, and Kebbi are found in this zone. A smaller vegetation namely the isolated mountain vegetation of the high plateau regions can also be identified. There are 6 vegetation zones in Nigeria. Much of the montane region is covered by rainforests. Generally, the natural conditions of the Sudan savanna make it suitable for crops and the rearing of animals. These zones have varying annual rainfall, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and predominant vegetation. There are approximately 2,750 species of higher plants within the entire Sudanian regional centre of endemism, and roughly one-third are most likely endemic to this ecoregion. Five bird species are considered endemic, including two strict endemics, Reichenow's firefinch and Foxs weaver. Palm wine, a locally enjoyed drink is derived from the juice of the wine palm. Also, hippos live in the Lake of Chad, and a dwarf hippopotamus inhabits the delta of the Niger. It is confined within the tropics (Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn) & is best developed in Sudan, where dry & wet climate are most distinct, hence Abnormal haemoglobins in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The black rhinoceros will be re-introduced in Chad after being extirpated from this ecoregion decades ago along with the northern white rhino. The places, which were stabilized and are non-salt-marsh are suitable for growing of rice. The baobabs are very common, and its difficult to imagine the Sudan savanna without them. Different types of acacia can be found there, which are used for medical purposes and eaten by camels. Other trees that one can find in the Guinea savanna include Afzelia Africana, slide, vitex doniana, hymenocardia, and Daniellia oliveri. Some of these trees have their trunks twisted as a result of annual fires. This type of vegetation is dependent on the coastal location of the zone. It is a very good location for pastures and also for growing different vegetables and small grain crops. A distinctive appearance of the landscape is given by different types of acacia with an umbellate crown and thorny bushes. The Sudan savannah is a type of vegetation in the north of the Guinea savanna. A few of them have twisted trunks. Sudan Savanna In Nigeria, It is defined as the ecoclimatic and biogeographic realm of transition between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian savanna to the south. Threatened mammal species include large herds of elephant in Chad and Central African Republic, wild dog, cheetah, and lion. Due to the extremely poor amount of rainfall this area receives yearly, with the rainy season lasting only 3 to 4 months, only tough plants can survive here. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. They include plants like African myrrh and Acacia radiant. The grass in the wild areas of this zone is quite tall, often exceeding five feet. The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa (3 Plates, Northwestern Africa, Northeastern Africa, and Southern Africa, 1:5,000,000). The tropical conditions of the south are favorable for the growth of trees. They inhabit the forest patches of the Guinean Forest-Savanna ecoregion, which are scattered across the vast savanna plain found in between the humid forests of the Guinea-Congolian region and the dry savannas of the West Sudanian region. They include: In most parts of the country, there are a lot of rainforests. They are also multi-tiered, but less dense, the underbrush is difficult to access. Here, the second and third tiers of trees are closely scattered with epiphytes and then intertwined with lianas that reach for the sun. This study is aimed to detect weed hosts of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) in field-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Sudan savanna regions (Gombe, Jigawa and Kano states) of Nigeria during 2017 and 2018 dry and wet seasons. Nigerian savanna awakens. In the forests the antelope dik-dik is found, its weight is about 3 kg. Another important thing the savanna does for us is that the savanna provides wood used for construction. There are always observable features to differentiate these four climates. Many of the people are Muslims. This is grassland zone but the slopes are covered by forests. Status of pH, Available Sulphur, Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen on Some Small Holders Farms in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria November 1, 2020 Posted by: RSIS The dried seeds of cowpea provide an inexpensive source of protein in The annual rainfall is as high as 1,000 mm in the south, but declines to the north with only 600 mm found on the border with the Sahelian Acacia Savanna. 4. The Guinea Savannah features a large mixture of trees and grass. Bauchi is situated in northeastern Nigeria in the Sudan (dry) Savanna, a belt of vegetation that extends from Senegal to Sudan (Hepburn and Radloff, 1998). Groups of trees such as the drought-resistant kaya, Isoberlinia, Mitragina feature here. In fact, nature has blessed Nigeria immensely. 2 which is approximately 9.1% of the932, 768 km 2 total area of Nigeria. Other components of the tropical rainforest of southern Nigeria are the coastal vegetation, riparian forest, mangrove forest, and lowland rainforest. This broad classification of vegetation can be further subdivided into smaller units based on variations in their nature and the amount of rainfall received which reduces as one moves further upwards towards the north from the coastal areas. Soil and climatic conditions contribute to the growing of cocoa, peanuts, oil palm, cotton and many tropical crops. Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. Guinea savannah has the largest vegetation zone in the country. The Sudanian savanna is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Ethiopian Highlands in the east. However, their numbers are threatened due to high poaching pressures. Adamawa and Plateau states are the two states in Nigeria where this vegetation type exist. Burgess, N., Hales, J.A., Underwood, E., Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Itoua, I., Schipper, J., Ricketts, T. and Newman, K. 2004. The soil in this vegetation is very salty and extremely unsuitable for plant growth. Leaves of raffia palm are roofing material, trunks go to rafters. Due Date Based On Implantation Bleeding, Your email address will not be published. It is not unusual to see animals feeding on the expanse of land. Spatial patterns of climatic variability and water budget over Sudan Savannah Region of Nigeria. Later there was invasion from Egypt and, in 1899, the establishment of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium. Liana is usually a woody vine, long-stem that are usually well rooted in the soils and make use of other trees close or in surroundings to reach a very high position in order to access sunlight in the forest area. Ancient Ghana was created by Jewish or Berber settlers about 300 ce in the area west of Timbuktu (Tombouctou) in modern Mali, though its greatest years came when it was ruled by the black Soninke (Sarakol) dynasty. The zone is slightly wetter than the Sahel Savannah and receives between 500 and 1000 mm of rainfall each year. Areas which are stabilized and are non-salt marsh are suitable for rice cultivation. Nigerian Sudan Savanna Zone is situated between latitudes 93 and 1231 N and longitudes 4 and 143 E which covers about 22.8 million hectares representing about one quarter of Nigeria's geographical area (Manyong et al., 1995).The region is characterized by high annual average temperature (28-32C), short wet season and long dry season (6-9 months), abundant short . This plateau vegetation can be seen in places like Jos Plateau and Obudu in Cross River state. There is a wide range of agro-ecological regions in SSA, including three major zones: moist savanna, Sudan savanna, and mid-altitude zones, representing respectively 29%, 31%, and 40% of the total cropland in SSA. Sahel, Arabic Sil, semiarid region of western and north-central Africa extending from Senegal eastward to Sudan. With the first rains appear juicy shoots of young grass and green leaves. Like other middle-income countries with emerging markets, the country has witnessed gradual expansion in communication, technology, finance, manufacturing, and service sectors. These trees are so big that they make up most of the countrys forest reserves. It stretches from the border of Senegal, through southern Mali (formerly known as French Sudan when it was a French colony), Burkina Faso, southern Niger and northern Nigeria, southern Chad and the western Darfur region of presentday Sudan. Omissions? 4 Guide to Soybean Production in Northern Nigeria Plant spacing and sowing Sow soybean by hand, planter, or by drilling. The gently sloping areas of this region are perfect for cash crops since the area receives sufficient rainfall throughout the year. Also, the wood from the trees in the savanna is used to build yam barns and fence the rural areas. West to East zonation patterns in Nigeria is characterized by the clear transition between one belt and another. 4371 Glenwood Apartments, The habitats of the ecoregion are principally threatened by seasonal "shifting" cultivation, over-grazing by livestock, cutting trees and bushes for wood, burning woody material for charcoal, and uncontrolled wild fires. This distinguishing feature makes it a perfect choice for rich crops and even small grains. The ecoregions land area is provided in units of 1,000 hectares. Sudan: Republic of Sudan. The vegetation belt in Nigeria is divided into two: the forest and savannah ecological zones. The term derives from the Arabic bild al-sdn ("land of the black peoples") and has been in use from at least the 12th century. Camels graze on young shoots of these bushes, while leaves are used by the local people for preparing the traditional medicine. This is because the dry grass is being burned, which is done yearly to prepare the land for crops. [2], The Sudanian savanna is characterized by the coexistence of trees and grasses. It includes tropical forests in high mountains and multi-tiered tropical rainforests that are reserved. There are three major savannahs in Nigeria. The vegetation in the Sahel savanna is always dry. From the countrys north to the south, different temperatures, weather conditions, and other geographical factors cause variation in vegetation. This savanna is known for Its prolonged dry season that lasts up to seven months. Freshwater is abundant in this area. Flora, fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as biota. MetaTrader 5 is it really the best terminal for traders working on the Forex market. 1. The Sahel savanna is a savanna that is found in the northern part of the Guinea savanna. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. As a result, the vegetation of the Sahel zone is largely comprised of short, hardy grasses. During the dry season the trees shed their leaves, all but the largest rivers run dry, and brush fires that burn up the grass are common. Giraffe. Central Africa Biodiversity Conservation Programme Protecting Central Africas Elephants Appraisal Report. Once, a significant part of the territory was covered with dense tropical rainforests. Food like maize, rice, groundnut, and millet are grown in this region thereby providing food for humans. These trees are classified into the top, middle and lower layers based on the level of the forest where they exist. And this is responsible for the low vegetation in these areas. In the rivers, a very rare mammal is found it is a sea cow. The annual rainfall is as high as 1,000 mm in the south, but declines to the north with only 600 mm found on the border with the Sahelian Acacia Savanna. [4], The Sudanian savanna is used by both pastoralists and farmers. The top layer of trees consists of a great number of plants that grow higher than 30 meters. The Sudan savanna is a savanna that consists of low grasses, scrubs, and quite several amazing short trees. Farms And Ranches For Sale Near To Bryan, Tx, The savanna, especially Guinea and Sudan, are the major grains, grasses, tubers, vegetable and cotton growing regions. There are a good number of protected areas, however, many are not adequately enforced or policed. The Sahel (/ s h l /; Arabic: sil, "coast, shore") is a region in Africa. In this article, the types of savanna in Nigeria would be discussed extensively. This zone is characterized by moist grasslands, with precipitation ranging between 1000 and 1400 mm per year. There is almost no green vegetation there. Phosphorus was applied at rate of 0 or 20 kg P ha 1. Naturally, their characteristics reflect the climatic conditions in the particular area. The rays of the sun almost do not penetrate through the dense green canopy formed by woody crowns. Havana without baobabs. This savanna does not have an adequate amount of rainfall. Golf Ball Hits Another Ball And Goes In, Treatments consisted of two rice varieties (Faro 44 and Faro 52), three herbicides namely BRACER, BRACERPLUS and NOMINEEGOLD. Here, rainfall decreases between 500-1000 mm per year. Late-round Rookie Dynasty Sleepers 2021, The vegetation of Nigeria is diverse, in the far north and east, where there is almost no rain, the so-called Sahel (deserted) extends. Typical trees in the western block of the ecoregion include Anogeissus leiocarpus, Kigelia aethiopica, Vachellia seyal, and species of Combretum and Terminalia. Annual rainfall here is 1000-1400 mm on the average. This type of Savannah is found in the northern belt of the country. Your email address will not be published. This zone is characterized by a short rainy season and a long, intensely dry season. Image credit: Fatayaka, Creaitve Commons. Jos Plateau is one of the highest points in Nigeria, so it makes sense for the area to have this Montane vegetation. The trees in the Guinea savanna are also deciduous with obvious hard barks. 2. The annual precipitation is poor, and the wet season lasts 3 to 4 months, so the vegetation of this zone is rare and the present grasses are extremely short. Sudan Savanna: This vegetation belt is found in Sokoto, Kastina, Kaduna, Kano, Dutse, Bauchi, etc. In Nigerian waters, you can meet crocodiles, especially in the tributary of Kaduna. What Time Zone Is Asia Pacific, Most of the rice production is in central and northern Nigeria. The top layer of trees consists of a great number of plants that grow higher than 30 meters. Also, some parts of this vegetation zone are covered with low, dense grass. Constant cutting and burning out of crop plots led to a drastic reduction in the area of forests that now occupy about one-third of the territory. This is mostly on the eastern edge of Taraba State, close to the Cameroonian border. The white acacia tree leaves on the other hand always serve as feed for ruminant animals. Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject. Therefore, Savannah can be described as grass or under-grass vegetation. Usually, the types of plants that grow in a country depend on its climate zones. 2Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, P.M.B. Infestation of cowpea with S. gesnerioides was in the order of Northern Guinea savanna > Sudan savanna > Southern Guinea savanna. 2023 Met Gala: Burna Boy and Tems make fashionable debut as they attend prestigious event, Photos emerge as president-elect Tinubus ADC assumes duty. Chief Scientist, UNEP-WCMC (UN Environment Program World Conservation Monitoring Center). The trees and plants then blossom at the absorption of the first rain of the year. Natural resources and natural vegetation of Nigeria are favorable for economic activity. There are various vegetation zones in Nigeria, all determined by the prevailing climatic conditions across different parts of the country. May to October with an estimated total production of 8.5 million tones (12). Just as the climate and temperature are not the same in every part of the country, so are the plants and animals that live in that environment. It is a common site to see herds of sheep, cattle and goats grazing on the vast pastures. Register or login to make commenting easier. " />, Read by 100,000+ Residents and Business Owners in Los Feliz, Silver Lake, Atwater Village, Echo Park & Hollywood Hills. IITA is the lead research partner facilitating agricultural solutions for hunger and poverty in the tropics. The rainfall in the Guinea savanna is often within the range of about 1400 mm yearly. The trees of this vegetation grow to a great height and provide cover for both large animals and humans to take cover. in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. They do not only provide food for animals, but they also provide food for humans. Keywords Forest Reserve Arid Zone Indigenous Species Azadirachta Indica Farm Tree Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of rates of Phosphorus fertilizer and intra-row spacings on growth and yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the Sudan Savana zone of Nigeria, during 2018 cropping season at Mohammet Treatments and experimental design The treatments consisted of three seed rates at (3, 6, 9 kg ha-1), two sowing methods (broadcasting, dibbling) and three poultry manure rates at [0, 2.5, 5.0 t ha-1, NPK (90 kg N + 60 kg P 2O5 + Results of field experiments to measure the influence of shelterbelts on wind velocity, air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture and yield of millet in a semi-arid environ- ment are presented. INTRODUCTION. Nigeria with about 180,000,000 people used to be blessed with abundant forest resources but presently contributing about 2.5% to the Gross Domestic Products. The six are split from the broader savannah and forest ecological regions. During the hottest part of the dry season, the fire occurs burning the dry grasses and thus preparing the land for the plants that would be planted. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Also read: What Countries have Temperate Climates? Some of these vegetations such as the Sudan Savannah are very important to herders who rely on grass for the survival of their animals. Here, rainfall decreases between 5001000 mm per year. The solid stemmed bamboo Oxytenanthera abyssinica is prominent in the western river valleys of Ethiopia. The northern reaches of the Sudan comprise the semiarid region known as the Sahel. In the Sahel savanna, animals like antelope, Buffalo, elephants, bush cows, and others can be found. Dominant tree species are often belonging to the Combretaceae and Caesalpinioideae; some Acacia species are also important. Production of wheat in the Sudan savanna 336 An example of Sudan zone vegetation in Nigeria French workers have followed Chevalier (1900, 1933) and others in describing the savanna vegetation of West Africa in relation to three broad zones which lie more or less parallel to the Equator between the Equatorial Forest and the I. Trees in these rainforests can grow as tall as 45 meters and make up the largest parts of forest reserves in the country. About 6.7 million Mg of rice paddy, that is the grain before dehulling, was produced from 3300,000 ha in 2014 ( FAOSTAT, 2016 ). Across the three ecozones, about 85% of fields planted to maize and sorghum were infested with S. hermonthica and 81% of cowpea fields with S. gesenerioides. Rafia gives fiber piassava, used for the manufacture of brushes. The West Sudanian savanna runs from the Atlantic Ocean to eastern Nigeria. Abnormal haemoglobins in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The Sahel savannah covers an area of 31,468 km 2, where some of the species were also threatened in parks and fetish channels arising from remarkable reasons, which bans the cutting down of some species such as Adansonia digitata, Tamarindus indica, Acacia senegal and Faidherbia albida [ 6 ].