sumerian mythology and the bible sumerian mythology and the bible

Sumerian Mythology Revised Edition Samuel Noah Kramer "A real addition to the body of world mythology."-- American Anthropologist "No people has contributed more to the culture of mankind than the Sumerians, and yet it has been only in recent years that our knowledge of them has become at all accurate or extensive. Aqqi the water pumper adopted me as his son and raised me. (Hooke, p. 130) The clearest Biblical parallel comes from The cultures of the Near East were constantly repurposing the beliefs of those around them and the Greeks did the same comparing every one of the major foreign gods of other cultures to their own: Amun=Baal=Zues=Jupiter, Mercury= Odin, Artemis=Bastet, Nergal=Ninurta=Ares. That is an important distinction. Eden, First of all, the Gilgamesh Epic was around in the time of the first Babylonian Empire, about 1800 BC, not during the Neo-Babylonian Empire, under Nebuchadnezzar. Humans were believed to have been created by AnKi or Enki, the son of the An and Ki. The Sumerian and Egyptian origin of the Bible: who wrote the Bible? Eloha and Elhoim are an elongated form of EL, Eloha is the singular: God, Elohim is the plural: the Gods. Then: unable to hide him any longer, she found him a papyrus basket, coated him with bitumen and pitch, put the child in it and placed him in the rushes on the banks of the River. For six days and seven nights, gusts, heavy rains, thunder, lightning and hurricanes broke the Earth like a jar. 13th Century Magical Merlin Manuscript Shares Original Legend, Eight of the Most Powerful Mythical Objects in History. In the Gilgamesh Epic, Utnapishtum took his family, some friends as well as many animals on the boat. [21] The Sumerians originally practiced a polytheistic religion, with anthropomorphic deities representing cosmic and terrestrial forces in their world. The second chapter of Genesis Ten days later, having regained his senses, Atrahasis took a dove and released it; the dove left, but she returned. Enki and The Great Flood has scientific proof of water levels rising. A similar story is described in the Sumerian tablets. It is only the Canaanite form of the Sumerian god Enlil. [36] In later myth, her husband was the god Nergal. [14]:184 Nanna was god of the moon and of wisdom. For many scholars of ancient civilizations, there is no doubt that the Bible was written from Sumerian and Egyptian texts. Listen Top Shows Blog Discover #PoliticsAF Show!HOT ON THE TRAIL OF TRUMP GOIN' 2 FN JAIL! Sumerian deities developed Akkadian counterparts. By this time, humans had already learned how to farm, plow, develop copper and bronze metallurgy, and develop the first calender. Egyptian writing is no longer used to write any modern language whatsoever. So what could account for these similarities? To conclude that Judaism evolved from a nascent polytheism is speculation which is not justified by the Hebrew text of the Bible. No votes so far! Reminder: Canaan is the country we call Israel today. [14]:203 The lowest dome of heaven was made of jasper and was the home of the stars. there are eight antediluvian patriarchs. Belief in one God in ancient Egypt, the teaching of Hermes, Pierre Jovanovics universal lie: see on Amazon Eric de Broquevilles secret of Paul: see on Amazon The story begins in Sumer: Samuel Noah Kramer: see on Amazon, The genesis revisited by the Sumerian texts: documentary, Anunnaki, the Sumerian version of the creation of humanity, Our ancestors of aliens ? The belief in one God in ancient Egypt, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Awk4WsLvS9A, Anunnaki, la version sumrienne de la cration de lhumanit, Nos anctres des extra-terrestres ? all of it preserved and presented in this much anticipated 10th Anniversary revised and updated infinity edition of the complete Mardukite "Anunnaki Bible."Joshua Free's "Anunnaki Bible" is quite simply a masterpiece of Mesopotamian magic, spirituality and history, providing a . ), but the existence of such a people and civilization was not even suspected until the middle of the 19th century. Christian Zionists claim that the modern state of Israel is a fulfillment of biblical prophecy. Piri Reis Map - How Could a 16th Century Map Show Antarctica Without Ice? The bulk of Sumerian parallels can, however be found much earlier, It seems, like El, to be a generic and polysemous name which, if it most often refers to Israels Elohim, is also used for pagan gods (Exodus 12:12, 18:11, 20:3 etc.) Click here for a comparison of these two ancient texts. Of course, much of that evidence is found at my web site, to include prophecies in Genesis which are fulfilled in Jesus (see my book From Shadow to Reality www.ipibooks.com), historical and archaeological accuracy of Genesis (Reasons For Belief www.ipibooks.com), and so forth. I am sure that those who do this do so for a variety of reasons. and bears eight new children, each of whom are the cure to one of (Author provided) The Forbidden Fruit For millennia people have assumed the forbidden fruit of Eden to be an apple. may contain the predecessor to the tree of knowledge of good and In Mark 10:35-40, James and John are seen requesting to sit on the right and left of their Lord on the heavenly throne. In later times, Ereshkigal was believed to rule alongside her husband Nergal, the god of death. This is a potentially fruitful area of research for Bible believers as well. Through successive linguistic transformations Enlil (primitive Sumerian) became Ellil (Akkadian) and El in Canaanite. The gods, smelling the good smell, swirled like flies around the priest. Hundreds of gods comprised its religious system. but is given eternal life. Do we have the exact words of Jesus or a paraphrase? Genesis states: Dilmun, described in the myth of "Enki and Ninhursag". Ishtar's primary legacy from the Sumerian tradition is the role of fertility figure; she evolved, however, into a more complex character, surrounded in myth by death and disaster, a goddess of contradictory connotations and forcesfire and fire-quenching, rejoicing and tears, fair play and enmity. The true secret of Tutankhamun finally revealed. Shotelel, Pharaohs second wife, had also given him a son: Siptah but he has polio. analog, Tammuz, appears in the Bible, however Dumuzi's periodic [20] During the Third Dynasty of Ur, it was believed that a person's treatment in the afterlife depended on how he or she was buried;[17]:58 those that had been given sumptuous burials would be treated well,[17]:58 but those who had been given poor burials would fare poorly, and were believed to haunt the living. le reste, cest dire la capacit grer des rvlations toujours plus bouleversantes, vous sera donn par surcrot. [14]:184 She was Inanna's older sister. [17]:75 His most important cult center was the E-abzu temple in the city of Eridu. Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Egypt, is one of the most iconic figures in history. This week we are going to analyze the oldest creation story ever recorded, known as the Eridu Genesis. During the Akkadian Empire, Inanna, the goddess of sex, beauty, and warfare, was widely venerated across Sumer and appeared in many myths, including the famous story of her descent into the Underworld. When Jesus raised someone, did he call them back from heaven? The Gilgamesh Epic was known to the ancient Sumerian and Babylonian cultures. The gods themselves were terrified: fleeing, they climbed to the sky of Anu where, like dogs, they remained curled up. [17]:108 The Sumerians had more myths about her than any other deity. The Hebrew text would just then have been transformed, embellished, to give importance to a God who would protect them, as the authors of the Bible usually do. Why Mount Sinai is in Egypt and Other Exodus Enigmas, A Nearly 1,100-Year-Old Hebrew Bible Could Be the Most Expensive Ever Sold, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Unleashing the End of the World. return from the underworld is not unique even in Sumerian literature. Presumably, the book of Genesis has its roots in Mesopotamia from the early part of the second millennium BC. Enlil, after the failures of his attempts to exterminate men, was increasingly exasperated and decided to end it by triggering the Flood and forbidding Ea to communicate with them. [14]:203 Ordinary mortals could not go to heaven because it was the abode of the gods alone. Contemporary biblical scholars such as John Rogerson and Philip R. Davies, both professors of biblical studies at the British University of Scheffield and authors of the prestigious The Old Testament World, note: In chapter 3 of the book of Genesis, there are three points in common with the story of Enki and Ninhursag in Dilmun: First, the existence of a place where death does not exist and animals are harmless (see also Isaiah 11:6-9); Then the arrival of disease and death which are the result of having taken and eaten a plant; And finally, the birth of a progeny that is the result of bodily pain, although more masculine than feminine. will enjoy the epic stories of Ancient Mesopotamia that echoed through other great works like the Bible and the Odyssey. The countrys government is run by a confidant of Seti II, from the metropolis Pi Ramses. Great Discoveries in Biblical Archaeology: The Sumerian King List - by Bryant G. Wood, Biblical Stories Mirror Those Found in Ancient Mythology - by Ed Neumann, It's not as if the religions around Christianity and Judaism weren't doing the same thing . AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. in the book of Genesis. The account of the exodus describes one of the most incredible miracles of the Bible: the opening of the waters of the sea to let the fleeing Israelites pass through (Exodus 14:21-31). Achilles and Patroclus: Close Confidants or Passionate Paramours? All rights reserved. [22], During the middle of the third millennium BC, Sumerian society became more urbanized. It has long been suggested that stories in the Bible are retellings of far more ancient accounts. The epic of Atrahasis or Poem of Supersage was written in Akkadian Semitic language, probably dating from the 18th century BC. Doggerland, Variousunder water cities and roads in Greece and Egypt, The lapita in samoa, Gulf of Combay city near India. She put me in a basket of reeds, which she sealed with bitumen. Logically, one might assume that since the Gilgamesh Epic precedes the Bible account, at least in its written form, it was the source for the biblical story of the flood. Sumerian mythology claims that, in the beginning, human-like gods ruled over Earth. The Anunnaki gods set the whole Earth on fire. The Sumerian goddess Inanna also developed the counterpart Ishtar during the Old Babylonian Period. Man would be a creation in the image of the gods except that he would not have their life span, would not have their powers and would have to work at their services instead of the Igigi. This story is not the first of its kind, the third story of the papyrus Westcar, dating from about 2500 BC, cites a similar story: A young girl unfortunately drops a very precious amulet into the waters of a lake. 7- There was a 5th author who cut the texts of authors 1, 2, 3 and 4 into slices, placed them end to end, then gathered them together to write a text that was even more consistent and unifying. The Sumerian Flood Story (also known as the Eridu Genesis, Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Deluge Myth) is the oldest Mesopotamian text relating the tale of the Great Flood which would. Dennis MacDonald, professor of New Testament and Christian Origins, has conducted extensive research into both the New Testament and ancient mythology and has also found remarkable similarities between stories in the Bible and the myths and legends of ancient civilizations. But if the astonishing conclusions of a Biblical researcher from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) are correct, Beltane is an ancient Gaelic festival celebrating the beginning of summer and the renewal of life. Among the Akkadians, he was also the god of the air and the sky, and finally became the creative god among the Canaanites. The Amorite Babylonians gained dominance over southern Mesopotamia by the mid-17th century BC. [19], The souls in Kur were believed to eat nothing but dry dust[17]:58 and family members of the deceased would ritually pour libations into the dead person's grave through a clay pipe, thereby allowing the dead to drink. In Ezekiel 8:14, the prophet sees women of Israel weeping for Tammuz (Dumuzi) during a drought. about Adams First Wife Lilith: Diabolical Demoness or the First Feminist? Before the Greeks exalted Zeus or the Egyptians praised Osiris, the Sumerians worshipped the Anunnaki. Early Sumerian cuneiform was used primarily as a record-keeping tool; it was not until the late Early Dynastic period that religious writings first became prevalent as temple praise hymns[5] and as a form of "incantation" called the nam-ub (prefix + "to cast"). This was a society that invented writing, and had advanced knowledge of mathematics, science and astronomy. In this collection, you will enjoy the epic stories of Ancient Mesopotamia that echoed through other great works like the Bible and the Odyssey. As late as Ezekiel, there is mention of a Sumerian deity. Sumerian myths were passed down through the oral tradition until the invention of writing (the earliest myth discovered so far, the Epic of Gilgamesh, is Sumerian[dubious discuss] and is written on a series of fractured clay tablets). My mother, the high priestess, conceived me and bore me in secret. Religion, mythology and magic of a long-lost forgotten age. My fathers brothers are camping in the mountains. The river carried me; it carried me to Aqqi, the water pumper. The question naturally arises: Where did these obvious parallels arise? Why is it that people say the ancient Sumerian tablets are similar to the book of Genesis? version of the Sumerian King list, found in Larsa details ten antediluvian Sumerian religion was the religion practiced by the people of Sumer, the first literate civilization of ancient Mesopotamia. It is understandable that exiles use the stories and cults learned from Babylonians and Egyptians to create a religion and a promised land that gives them a legal right of return to their land in Canaan. In his flight Moses is always accompanied by Tausret whose royal name bears the epithet of Beloved of Amen, Myriam in Egyptian, as the first name of Moses sister in the biblical account. sweet water. It is also possible that the purpose of the Bible was to gather all the knowledge of this people after terrible disasters: In his book Worlds in Collision, Dr. Immanuel Velikovsky compares the ancient texts of many people around the world that relate to major disasters such as the account of the ten plagues of Egypt mentioned in the Exodus. reptiliens) que vous avez chass : vous navez jamais essay ? Why is it that people try to compare the ancient Sumerian tablets, sayingthat they are similar to the book of Genesis? Elohim created all living creatures on earth Genesis 1:25, Elohim says: let us make man in our image, in our likeness Genesis 1,27. Adams First Wife Lilith: Diabolical Demoness or the First Feminist? With this, we may not be able to determine if the Sumerian creation story has been influenced by others around it, or if its completely independent. What about ancient cultures such as Sumer and Mohenjo Daro? The prologue of "Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Underworld" Dog and chest were covered with a sacred cloth reminiscent of the Hebrew prayer shawl. Presumably, the book of Genesis has its roots in Mesopotamia from the early part of the second millennium BC. Logically, one might assume that since the Gilgamesh Epic precedes the Bible account, at least in its written form, it was the source for the biblical story of the flood. It was therefore under the name of El that God addressed this call to Abraham. Another possibility is that one or the other was created first, and the other borrowed from it. Not. It first appeared in archaeological records around 3100 B.C. Tous les tres anims et inanims ont ainsi t crs, indirectement, par le dmiurge solaire. According to Kabbalah, at the beginning of creation, things called Sephiroth, meaning circles or orbits, with both material and spiritual characteristics took shape. Is it true that Genesis was written by four different competing groups and that it is very contradictory? 28-30) The Hebrews lived between two great civilizations with which they mixed. The term Elohim disturbs historians because it is used several times in the Bible. The primordial chaos: Tiamat wrapped in darkness. (Kramer 1963 pp. What purpose did the oracles against the nations in Amos, Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel serve other than consoling the Jews? Imaginons alors quils nappartenaient pas la mme espce et ntaient pas originaires de la mme plante et quils reprsentaient une mission intergalactique charge de rintroduire des espces disparues depuis longtemps sur un autre monde teint. [19] This bleak domain was known as Kur,[17]:114 and was believed to be ruled by the goddess Ereshkigal. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, What's your favourite Fairy Tales (and their possible origins). [19], It is generally agreed that Sumerian civilization began at some point between c. 4500 and 4000 BC, but the earliest historical records only date to around 2900 BC. LEnuma Elish nest pas le rcit de la cration du monde pour les Sumriens, mais pour les Babyloniens. The implication of course is that it suggesets that the Gospels are retellings of ancient stories. The Coffin Texts [c. 2100-1800BCE] are pretty darn old. 4- The text underlines the easy childbirth of Ninhursag and her goddaughters, a facility that Eve loses in the biblical text. over to Eve. Pursued by Sethnakts armies, Tausret and Moses with their fellow travellers will have to take the southern route and sink into the Sinai like the Bible Moses. (Genesis 4: 17-18) The The main source of information about the Sumerian creation myth is the prologue to the epic poem Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld,[13]:3033 which briefly describes the process of creation: originally, there was only Nammu, the primeval sea. Toward the end of the Sumerian civilization, ziggurats became the preferred temple structure for Mesopotamian religious centers. (Their female equivalents were known as Nin.) Everybody should listen to this, it really puts the pieces together from the epic of gilgamesh, Greek mythology, Sumerian tablets. Abraham was a native of the great Sumerian city Ur. During the Old Babylonian Period, the Sumerian and Akkadian languages were retained for religious purposes; the majority of Sumerian mythological literature known to historians today comes from the Old Babylonian Period,[5] either in the form of transcribed Sumerian texts (most notably the Babylonian version of the Epic of Gilgamesh) or in the form of Sumerian and Akkadian influences within Babylonian mythological literature (most notably the Enma Eli). In conclusion, it is not just skeptics and unbelievers who look for parallels between Sumerian religious ideas and customs and the book of Genesis. Being written by as many as 40 authors over a span of 1600 years, one would expect to find some inconsistencies. We learn that the disaster told by the Hebrews, which according to Velikovsky was caused by a comet (he collaborated with NASA), was also experienced and described by other peoples in Europe, Asia and America. The explanation is actually given below in the story of Atrahasis (Ziusudra), the Sumerian Noah, where we learn that the gods Annunaki created man in their images. Both have a man building a large boat and saving his family and a number of animals on the boat. The pagan traditions associated with it have survived through the centuries, with many still A large Viking burial mound found on the island of Karmy off Norways western coast was long thought to be empty. Not only do people in Asia and America tell the same story, but they also describe manna, that food that falls from the sky! and Kramer 1983: p. 8). , La Croix, the largest French Catholic newspaper. [17]:75 His primary consort was Ninhursag, the Sumerian goddess of the earth. This association carries 49-51, 53-54), The ten patriarchs in Genesis born prior to the flood lived very [17]:134[14]:184 Galla were a class of demons that were believed to reside in the underworld;[17]:85 their primary purpose appears to have been to drag unfortunate mortals back to Kur. and dominated Mesopotamia for the next . Pareil pour les habitudes religieuses. The Great Flood, and the building of an ark that housed the seeds of mankind, are both mentioned in the Eridu Genesis. As late as Ezekiel, there is mention of a A woman from the Levi tribe then hid hers for three months. In Ezekiel 8:14, the prophet sees women of Israel True, second millennium, that is correct, estimated around 4500 bc. Ancient Sumerian Mythology The Chronicles Of The Sumerian Peoples Myths And Epics Gilgamesh And Beyond Greek Mythology Babylonian Mesopotamia Norse Ancient Egypt Gilgamesh Liturgies Pdf Pdf When people should go to the book stores, search creation by shop, shelf by shelf, it is truly problematic. She was known for her intelligence, beauty, and powerful political acumen. from the dead. about The Book of Revelation is Filled with Ancient Curses, New Research Reveals, Egyptian Authorities Push Back on Cleopatra Portrayal. The authors of the Bible were inspired not only by the Sumerians but also by the Egyptian culture that gave them the writing! [citation needed]. The Bible Story of Noah and the Sumerian Tales of Atrahasis, Ziusudra, and Utnapishtim. An Inspirational Courtesans Tale, Was Anne of Cleves Too Ugly for King Henry VIII? Traces of Sumerian religion survive today and are reflected in Not sure if that qualifies. Can you give me a source/reference for that please? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Awk4WsLvS9A. La terre ayant subi plusieurs dsastres majeurs tant un champ fertile approprie une rintroduction. those born as deities, Inanna does as well. Si tu veux faire un article pour expliquer comment gurir les malades et chasser les dmons, je peux le publier ici. And, from then on, everything became clear: the enigmas of the Bible, the names with strange consonances because they were foreign, the characters, the History. Donc pas de souci. Lerreur a t corrig. Nammu was a goddess representing the primeval waters (Engur), who gave birth to An (heaven) and Ki (earth) and the first deities; while she is rarely attested as an object of cult, she likely played a central role in the early cosmogony of Eridu, and in later periods continued to appear in texts related to exorcisms. According to these tablets, the Anunnaki, or Anannge, were angels. The Sumerian god Enlil becomes Abrahams El, the Elohim becomes Eloha. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. 1. The passage contains explicit references to aspects of Mesopotamian civilization: the physical environment (the plain of Shinar, Gen 11:1), geography (Babylon, called babel in Gen 11:9), building techniques (using bricks and bitumen instead of stone and mortar, Gen 11:3), urbanism ("let us build ourselves a city . The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh dates back nearly 5,000 years and is thought to be perhaps the oldest written tale on the planet. I think early societies which hadn't yet learned to accurately measure the length of the year to within a day used the cycle of the moon as a visual counter of a person's age. And this literary pun passed into the Bible where it naturally lost its value since in Hebrew the words meaning coast and life have nothing in common. [14]:179180 People began to view the gods as living in a feudal society with class structure. The inscription mentions the god, the religious beliefs of later Mesopotamian peoples, "An/Anu (god): Mesopotamian sky-god, one of the supreme deities; known as An in Sumerian and Anu in Akkadian", "Ancient Mesopotamian Beliefs in the Afterlife", "Was dust their food and clay their bread? or even a goddess (I Kings 11:5) or men considered superior (Exodus 4:16, I Samuel 28:13, Zechariah 12:8). Texts from the 7th century BC discovered in Nineveh 16 centuries later in Sargon, but contemporaneous with the probable date of writing of the oldest books that would later form the Bible thus relate his accession to power: My mother was a high priestess. Sumerian Mythology Fascinating Sumerian History A Gods and Heroes - Nov 25 2020 . Skeptical, non-believing scholars try to paint early Judaism as polytheistic, but there is no solid evidence for this. The fact that they were not a local people is suggested by the fact that their language belongs to a completely different and isolated group.. [17]:108109[14]:203 The sun was her brother Utu, the god of justice,[14]:203 and the moon was their father Nanna. noter quun parallle intressant a t dmontr entre les textes sumriens et lancien testament avec deux corrections majeures, lentit Dieu est devenu masculin et unique. He is referred to as the one who put the king on his fathers throne, an appellation reserved only for the God Amon Ra! The most important section of Kabbalah is the theory of the formation of the universe. But in reality, Moses exercises power directly and his provocative arrogance and clumsiness soon highlighted his inadequacies and lightness. Both were formed in the cultural context of Mesopotamia. Even if some rabbis explain that those who ask themselves the question know nothing about it, that it is normal to write God in the plural, the answers they give are far from convincing. We know what happened next, the pharaohs daughter found the child, gave him her mother as a nurse and raised him in the palace. Main article: Sumerian creation myth The tale of Ziusudra is known from a single fragmentary tablet written in Sumerian, datable by its script to the 17th century BC (Old Babylonian Empire), and published in 1914 by Arno Poebel. The epic was almost certainly composed before 2000 BC. On peut dailleurs lire dans le Papyrus de Boulaq (Germond et Livet, 2001) : Salut toi, R matre de Mat [] tu es lUn, qui a fait tout ce qui existe, lUn unique qui a fait les tres, des yeux duquel les humains sont issus [], auteur des herbages qui fait la vgtation pour les humains, qui a produit la substance des poissons du Nil et des oiseaux [], qui donne le souffle vital celui qui est dans loeuf, celui qui produit la subsistance des volatiles, comme celle des reptiles et des insectes, qui fournit des provisions aux souris dans leur trou . He was raised with the Egyptian nobility, but he is a Canaanite of origin. Some of the fantastic stories included are: The major deities in the Sumerian pantheon included An, the god of the heavens, Enlil, the god of wind and storm, AnKi Enki, the god of water and human culture, Ninhursag, the goddess of fertility and the earth, Utu, the god of the sun and justice, and his father Nanna, the god of the moon. Lorsquil a commenc enseigner, un naga sous la forme dun homme est venu suivre son enseignement mais Bouddha a vu que ce ntait pas un humain et lui a expliqu que son enseignement ntait que pour les humains. fact. He was a Field Assyriologist for the Iraq Expedition of the The Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago in the years 1929 to 1937, according to his biography, as well. Sumerian Bible Origin: The story begins in Sumer, The decrease in the life time of men in the Bible, Sumerian origin of the Bible: Sargon, the Sumerian Moise. As far as the New Testament goes, many also draw a parallel between Roger Sabbah, Egyptologist, archaeologist and researcher made incredible discoveries with his brother: In Tutankhamuns tomb, opened in 1923, there were inscriptions written in unusual hieroglyphics, some letters resembling the Hebrew alphabet in form, pronunciation and symbolic value. Later, Atrahasis settled at the mouth of the Great Rivers, in the Garden of Dilmun where Ea lived. The solution was accepted and men were created by the God Ea (Enki) and the Goddess Ninmah (or Ninhursag also called Mama, the universal mother?). The Yahwist source (J), details Enki fills it with lagoons and palm trees. If one takes Abraham to be the father of the Jewish nation, as supported by the Bible, then one can assume that the Gilgamesh Epic is older than the written, Jewish version of the story which is found in the Bible, as Abraham died somewhere around 1850 BC. 143-144) Maybe the cuneiform for the Sumerian story is a written form of a much more ancient story, so not sure. Voici un savant rabin qui dit bien que la Gense vient de babylone, et alors ? A Visual Tour (Video). Source La Croix, the largest French Catholic newspaper, Despite the takeover of Babylon by the Persians in 539 and Cyrus edict allowing exiles to return to Judea, an important Jewish community remained in the city: it was it that, at the end of the 5th century AD, initiated the so-called Babylonian Talmud, which is still the authority in Judaism. While the origin of the Sumerians is unknown, (it is said that they may have come from the east), there have been many hypotheses that seek to answer this mystery. .